Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens, such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia, resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year. What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides)?
A. Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and humans, but absent in sunflower.
B. Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, sunflower, and humans.
C. Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia, but absent in sunflower and humans.
D. Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and sunflower, but absent in humans.
Answer: C
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In an experiment, Jokela et al. reared 14 replicate populations of a snail that is poly-morphic for sexual/asexual reproduction under controlled identical conditions in the lab
Each population started with 35% asexual and 65% sexual experiments. The figure be-low shows the proportions of asexual after a year-long experimental run. What are possible explanations for this result? a. All asexuals survived better under the experimental conditions. b. Asexual females produced more offspring per individual than sexual fe-males. c. The cost of males leads to faster population growth for the asexual sub-population. d. A novel mutation after the start of the experiment led to the increased sur-vival of the asexual line with the mutations. e. A, B, and C.