According to the expectancy theory, which of the following conditions must be met for motivated behavior to occur?
A. Effort-to-performance expectancy must be greater than zero.
B. Performance-to-outcome expectancy must be less than zero.
C. Sum of the valences for an outcome must be less than zero.
D. The individual must believe that effort and performance are unrelated.
E. Every outcome must have a negative valence.
Answer: A
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