List three different mechanisms by which treatments for hypertension work.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Drugs to reduce hypertension can either act to reduce cardiac output, to reduce total peripheral resistance, or to decrease blood volume. Drugs that reduce cardiac output can interfere with sympathetic stimulation of the heart (e.g. beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, aka beta-blockers), or reduce calcium levels in the heart muscle (e.g. calcium channel blockers). Drugs that reduce total peripheral resistance are vasodilators. These include blockers of angiotensin or vasopressin signaling, or blockers of alpha receptors on vascular smooth muscle. Drugs that reduce blood volume include diuretics that increase urine output by increasing excretion of sodium, and drugs that block aldosterone receptors.
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The ________ is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels.
A. subdural mater B. arachnoid mater C. pia mater D. dura mater
Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain?
What will be an ideal response?What will be an ideal response?
What is tubular reabsorption?
A. The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body. B. The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells. C. The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine. D. The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood. E. The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron.
DNA is composed of double-ring nitrogenous bases, whereas RNA is composed of single-ring nitrogenous bases
Indicate whether the statement is true or false