How are respiratory events regulated?
What will be an ideal response?
The arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide is the most important input regulating the magnitude of ventilation under resting conditions. An increase in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide reflexly stimulates the respiratory center, with the resultant increase in ventilation promoting elimination of excess carbon dioxide.?Conversely, a fall in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide reflexly reduces respiratory drive.?Located in the medulla in the vicinity of the respiratory center, central chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide-induced hydrogen ion concentration in the brain extracellular fluid. Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide within the brain extracellular fluid causes a corresponding increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.
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Kathryn is pregnant and very eager to breast-feed after the baby is born. Her friend gives her a supplement to encourage prolactin secretion and Kathryn starts to take it during pregnancy. The supplement works and Kathryn's blood level of prolactin increases. She does not begin lactating during pregnancy because
A. maternal plasma levels of prolactin are low during pregnancy. B. the high levels of estrogen and progesterone in maternal plasma inhibit the effects of prolactin. C. the breast ducts do not develop until after parturition. D. the low levels of circulating estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy inhibit milk synthesis by the breasts. E. high levels of androgens inhibit milk synthesis by the breasts.
The greatest increase in entropy occurs ________.
A. when amylase produces maltose B. when starch is degraded to glucose C. when ATP is synthesized D. when glucose is converted to galactose
Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch?
A) Right coronary vein B) Great cardiac vein C) Left coronary vein D) Right coronary artery E) Left coronary artery
An increase in heart rate would ________ cardiac output.
A. decrease B. not change C. increase