Explain the process of secondary active transport and how it uses ATP.
What will be an ideal response?
Secondary active transport uses the energy released from moving one molecule down its concentration gradient to push other molecules against their concentration gradient. ATP is used to create the chemical disequilibrium (or concentration gradient) for the first molecule.
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The depolarization phase of an action potential is punctuated by the closing of inactivation gates in the voltage gated sodium ion channels. All of the following are consequences of this inactivation except one
Choose the statement below that is not a consequence of the closing of inactivating gates. A) This allows for the efflux (diffusion out) of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell. B) This allows for the one way transmission of action potential down the axon. C) This limits the frequency of action potentials down the axon. D) This stops the depolarization of the axon membrane.
The muscular ridges on the interior of the atria are known as trabeculae carnae.
a. true b. false
Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
A) synaptic knob. B) motor end plate. C) sarcomere. D) synaptic cleft. E) transverse tubule.
Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by
A. inhibiting the release of aldosterone. B. promoting the excretion of sodium. C. increasing peripheral resistance. D. releasing renin.