What are some practical and philosophical issues involved in the practice of testing and screening for kindergarten readiness?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER:
Issues around testing and screening for kindergarten readiness are: young children do not function well in common test situations; test results do not necessarily reflect children’s knowledge or skills; tests disregard the potential negative effects of retention on self-esteem; tests may disproportionately affect low-income and minority children; tests are frequently misused and misunderstood by teachers and families; teachers are pressured into running programs that overemphasize testing situations and test items; and most tests focus on cognitive and language skills and have too narrow a focus.
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According to whose 1999 research has the disparity between the technology “haves” and “have-nots” become increasingly evident?
a. U.S. Department of Commerce c. Gray, Thomas and Lewis b. U.S. Department of Education d. Wells and Lewis
The first major legislative act for individuals with physical disabilities was passed in
a. 1917. b. 1954. c. 1975. d. 1990.
Which of the following statements is true about positive reinforcement?
a. the terms positive reinforcement and reward are synonymous b. positive reinforcement is a naturally occurring phenomenon c. positive reinforcement decreases behavior d. positive reinforcement is bribery
All of the following depend on metalinguistic skills EXCEPT
a. producing puns b. naming as many kinds of animals as possible in a given period of time c. playing rhyming games d. understanding sarcasm