Explain how discussion of a topic with like-minded others can lead people to hold their views with greater conviction, and why this happens
What will be an ideal response?
When people discuss a topic with like-minded others, they often experience an
exaggeration of the initial tendencies in their thinking. For example, individuals who
enter a discussion with a slight preference for a risky course of action often leave that
discussion endorsing an even riskier position. This phenomenon is called group
polarization, for which at least two explanations have been proposed. (1) Persuasive
arguments theory suggests that people in a group discussion with like-minded others
hear novel informational arguments to support their initial views that then intensify
these views. (2) Social comparison theory suggests that once people get in a group,
they compare themselves with others and then adjust their own attitudes to be even
more typical of the group norm so that they appear to be "good" group members.
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In what way did Fantz's research change psychology?
A. He developed research methods to study infant cognition, and demonstrated that infants have perceptual abilities that were not previously recognized. B. He showed that perceptual abilities in all organisms are essentially the same, and helped prove the theory of evolution C. He demonstrated that parents should look their babies in the eyes more, and that babies see best lying on their backs D. He showed that infants' vision is more developed that previously thought, and that they always stare longer at bright colors.
During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized as __________.
A. effective and brief in duration B. humane and long in duration C. moral and brief in duration D. punitive and long in duration
What percentage of people with intellectual disability can be described as having a profound level of intellectual disability?
a. almost all, more than 90% b. the majority, 85% c. about half, 49% d. about 10% to 20% e. very few, 2% or less
The term ____________ refers to applied ethics relevant to a particular occupation or profession.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).