Which statement by a patient indicates an understanding of why phenotypic variations in disease occur?
A) "Disease presentation is the same in all people with the same genetic mutations."
B) "Disease presentation only relies on lifestyle choices."
C) "Disease presentation is only due to environmental influences."
D) "Disease presentation usually depends on multiple genes, environment, and lifestyle."
D) "Disease presentation usually depends on multiple genes, environment, and lifestyle."
Explanation: A) Manifesting multifactorial disease depends on multiple genes, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Therefore, significant variation in disease presentation exists. However, single-gene disorders can also have quite a bit of variation in clinical presentation, owing to factors such as reduced penetrance, as in familial cancer syndromes, and variable expressivity.
B) Manifesting multifactorial disease depends on multiple genes, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Therefore, significant variation in disease presentation exists. However, single-gene disorders can also have quite a bit of variation in clinical presentation, owing to factors such as reduced penetrance, as in familial cancer syndromes, and variable expressivity.
C) Manifesting multifactorial disease depends on multiple genes, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Therefore, significant variation in disease presentation exists. However, single-gene disorders can also have quite a bit of variation in clinical presentation, owing to factors such as reduced penetrance, as in familial cancer syndromes, and variable expressivity.
D) Manifesting multifactorial disease depends on multiple genes, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices. Therefore, significant variation in disease presentation exists. However, single-gene disorders can also have quite a bit of variation in clinical presentation, owing to factors such as reduced penetrance, as in familial cancer syndromes, and variable expressivity.
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