The physician orders a pneumococcal vaccination for a 70-year-old patient. How does the nurse best describe this immunization?
1. Antibody response is lower in the older person
2. Cellular response in the immune system increases
3. Aging causes a decreased antibody production to self
4. Increased production of IgE leads to greater risk of pneumonia
1. Antibody response is lower in the older person
Explanation: 1. To prevent serious complications, all people 65 years of age and older should receive a pneumococcal vaccine. Antibody response is often lower in the older person and may decline after 5 to 10 years.
2. A sign of aging in the immune system is an overall decline in the speed of the cellular response.
3. A sign of aging in the immune system is an increase in antibody production against self.
4. Over time, the secondary immune response may also show changes. The number of B cells in the circulation decreases in some individuals. As a result, tissues are slower to repair and are more vulnerable to disease, especially infections. A decline in the production of IgE leads to a decrease in allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.
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