Define the ethical principle of informed consent and explain how that is a concern in both Albert Ax's study and modern gene-editing research.
What will be an ideal response?
Informed consent protects human participants by requiring that they be told the purpose and procedures of a scientific study before they decide whether to participate in that study. Cases of deception, in which participants are not told the entire study purpose or are exposed to procedures that they were not previously informed of, violate informed consent. Albert Ax's study used deception because participants were exposed to mild electric shock while being led to believe that the shock could harm them. This type of deception resulted in fear in the participants and would likely not be permitted by today's ethical research standards. Modern gene-editing research poses different risks to informed consent, as edited genes could be potentially passed on to future generations (the children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren of participants) who would have not been alive to consent to gene-editing procedures.
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The case law most pertinent to privacy issues and psychological testing is:
a. Soroka v. Dayton Hudson b. Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services c. Griggs v. Duke Power d. Harris v. Forklift Systems
Creative problem solving requires all of the following EXCEPT for
a. the use of divergent thinking in solving the problem. b. reasoning and critical thinking being used to evaluate new ideas once they are produced. c. solutions being of high quality and relevant to solving the problem. d. a reliance on algorithms in solving the problems.
Researchers typically study infant attention using ______.
A. assimilation and accommodation procedures B. preferential looking procedures and habituation procedures C. social-referencing procedures D. direct and indirect response procedures
______________ measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes
A) Secondary appraisal B) Primary appraisal C) The Social Readjustment Rating Scale D) Type A Personality Scale