Explain the process of precipitation hardening.

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Precipitation hardening is a heat treatment involving three steps: (1) heating the alloy enough to dissolve the second phase and form a single solid solution, (2) quenching the alloy rapidly from the solution temperature to keep the second phase in solution, thus producing a supersaturated solution, and (3) reheating the alloy with careful control of time and temperature to precipitate the second phase as very fine crystals that strengthen the lattice in which they had dissolved. This process, called precipitation hardening or age hardening, is the heat treatment used to strengthen many aluminum alloys.

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A. Alt+w B. Ctrl+w C. Alt+q D. Ctrl+q

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Which region’s attempt to break away from Russia resulted in two bloody wars in 1994–1996 and 1999–2005?

a. Georgia b. Chechnya c. Azerbaijan d. Armenia

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