Distinguish between correlational designs and experimental designs. Provide an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Student examples will vary. A sample answer follows.
Correlational designs measure associations between variables, and they do not indicate cause and effect. An example of a correlational design is one in which researchers set up cameras on soccer fields and record how many players play and for how long.
Experimental designs are usually simpler and more focused than correlational ones. Experimental designs indicate causal inference, and researchers use them to determine if one variable causes an effect in another. A study in which the researcher invites subjects to try two kinds of potato chips and choose the kind they prefer is an experimental design.
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