Briefly explain the following terms: BNF, terminal, non-terminal, rule, production, and derivation.
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BNF (Backus Normal Form) is a meta-language used to describe the elements of a language. A non-terminal is a language element that can be expanded to produce zero or more other language elements. A terminal is a language element that cannot be expanded further. A rule associates a non-terminal with its definition. The left side gives the non-terminal being defined and the right side of the rule specifies how it is to be constructed. A derivation involves walking through the symbols of an input and expanding the non-terminals, see Figure 8.1.
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