An experimenter presents a child with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one of the balls into a long, thin piece of clay. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece. This Piagetian task is a test to see if the child is capable of ________ operations.
A. inference
B. formal
C. judgment
D. concrete
Answer: D
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Which term refers to physical declines brought about by environmental factors stemming from an individual's behavioral choices?
A. risk factors B. maturity C. secondary aging D. primary aging
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. "Extinction of an operant response involves no longer providing reinforcement for that response. " 2. "Extinction of an operant response involves removing a desired stimulus when the behaviour occurs. " 3. "Spontaneous recovery after extinction occurs in classical conditioning but not in operant conditioning. " 4. "In operant conditioning, occasionally not delivering a reinforcer when the behaviour occurs will extinguish that behaviour. " 5. "In operant conditioning, occasionally not delivering a reinforcer when the behaviour occurs may actually strengthen that behaviour. "
Larry's house has caught fire, and he is trapped inside. The neighbors called 911. Two firefighters and one of the neighbors (an accountant) entered the house in an attempt to save Larry. Another neighbor tore away the screening around Larry's porch so that his dog could run to safety. The neighbor who tore away the screening hesitated at first because he was of the belief that it was wrong to destroy another's property. At the same time, he also was of the belief that he should attempt to rescue the dog. These conflicting beliefs constituted a(n) _______________.
A. "contradiction of values" B. supererogatory duty C. ethical dilemma D. legal contradiction
Mark is excited to share the details of his new, surprisingly successful diet. He forwards some supportive articles about the diet to a group of fitness-minded friends who are skeptical of fad diets. Later on, Mark is distressed to learn that his friends are even more skeptical than before. Based on your understanding of group decision-making, what is the most likely explanation?
A. The articles Mark sent were inflammatory or insulting toward the other side of the argument, making the group "dig their heels in" and strengthen their position. B. The articles Mark sent were actually credible in support of the diet; however, they also contained information that could contradict the diet, which was likely the main source of the group's position. C. The group correctly assessed the diet as a fad by synthesizing their individual knowledge, whereas Mark had no one to help him make his decision. D. The group had likely already reached a decision about this diet before Mark sent the articles, and conformity kept them from re-evaluating this decision.