Explain the importance of the Phoenicians in the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East during the Iron Age
What will be an ideal response?
Students should be able to identify the Phoenicians as responsible for three major influences in this time period: trade, alphabet, and maritime skills. In general, the Phoenicians were one of the earliest international civilizations, but they did not form a militarily bound empire. Instead, they formed links between diverse civilizations of the Near East and Mediterranean worlds by promoting these three aspects, and the resultant trickle-down effect on the respective civilizations gave them the tools to prosper. Particularly with regard to trade throughout the regions, the Phoenicians came to dominate the economic world, which in turn inspired others trading with them over long distances to adhere to certain standards, such as the coinage established by Lydians to facilitate trade. Also, because of pressures from the Assyrian Empire, the Phoenicians began to explore further to the west, casting an even wider net of interconnection among the Mediterranean civilizations.
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