When studying thermodynamics, one must first define the system. What is included in the system?

a. the universe including all of the planets and stars
b. an individual organism, isolated even from the air around it
c. the matter and its environment relevant to a particular case of energy transfer
d. an ecosystem devoid of living creatures


c. the matter and its environment relevant to a particular case of energy transfer

Biology & Microbiology

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The hormone indicated by the small oval on the left in the figure could be which of the following?

A. testosterone B. insulin C. growth hormone D. ADH

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria?

A. They maintain cell shape. B. They prevent cross-fertilization. C. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. D. They protect against other bacteria. E. They protect against viruses.

Biology & Microbiology

Community structure is a result of which of the following?

a. atypical interactions b. factorial interactions c. positive interactions d. negative interactions e. positive and negative interactions

Biology & Microbiology

Molecular data confirm that cnidarians branched off from the rest of animals before ________ evolved.

A. mollusks B. bilateral symmetry C. Porifera D. arthropods E. echinoderms

Biology & Microbiology