The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure. Which mechanisms related to oxygenation and circulation does the nurse understand can lead to this condition? Select all that apply.
A) Deficient neurochemical signaling pathways
B) Impaired gas exchange
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Increased vasodilation
E) Decreased cerebral perfusion.
B) Impaired gas exchange
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Increased vasodilation
E) Decreased cerebral perfusion.
Explanation: A) Deficiencies in the neurochemical signaling pathway are an effect of impaired gas exchange and do not directly cause increased intracranial pressure. Increased vasodilation can lead to increased perfusion and gas exchange without other complicating factors, and is not necessarily related to an increase in intracranial pressure.
B) An impairment in normal gas exchange leading to respiratory acidosis and increased CO2 levels in the body cause an increase in intracranial pressure.
C) An impairment in normal gas exchange leading to respiratory acidosis and increased CO2 levels in the body cause an increase in intracranial pressure.
D) An impairment in normal gas exchange leading to respiratory acidosis and increased CO2 levels in the body cause an increase in intracranial pressure. Cerebral perfusion and cognitive integrity depend on normal gas exchange and can result in brain injury when this mechanism is disrupted. Deficiencies in the neurochemical signaling pathway are an effect of impaired gas exchange and are not caused directly by increased intracranial pressure. Increased vasodilation increased blood flow, increasing intracranial pressure.
E) Decreased cerebral perfusion results in brain injury and resulting increase in intracranial pressure.
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