Describe the four basic forms of learning: (1) perceptual learning, (2) stimulus'response learning, (3) motor learning, and (4) relational learning. Give a brief example of each in your answer.
What will be an ideal response?
Perceptual learning allows us to recognize stimuli. An example would be knowing that a photo is that of a relative. Stimulus-response learning involves connections between perceptual and motor systems; classical conditioning would be an example of a form of this type of learning (which involves a neutral stimulus taking on the capacity to elicit a reflexive response). Motor learning involves changes in neural circuits that control the muscles. An example would be the changes that occur when a person first learns to drive a car. Relational learning is the most complex form and can include the ability to recognize a stimulus using different sensory modalities or to recognize the relative location of an object among other objects in an environment.
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A scatter diagram in which all the points fall in a straight diagonal line would be characteristic of two sets of variables which
a. are perfectly correlated. b. have a correlation coefficient of 0.0. c. show equal amounts of variability. d. are characterized by none of these.
Neuropsychology is best defined as the study of
a. brain malfunction due to lesion or disease. b. the relationship between brain function and intelligence. c. the relationship between brain function and behavior. d. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT true regarding long-term memory?
a. It is analogous to a biochemical "hard drive.". b. The capacity is unlimited. c. There is a tendency to replace new information with old information. d. Forgetting may be the inability to find the right cues to retrieve a memory.
Cynthia's mother gives her an apple each day and tells her that apples are "fruit." However one day, Cynthia's mother gives her an orange. She tells Cynthia this is also "fruit." What happens to Cynthia's scheme of "fruit?"
a. She assimilates the new information about oranges into the existing scheme. b. She ignores the new information about oranges. c. She incorporates the information so that her scheme now includes apples and oranges. d. She eliminates the concept of apple and now her scheme of fruit only contains oranges.