While training his dog, Mark first says the word "sit" and once the dog sits, he gives her a treat. Immediately after this, he says, "Good dog!" He repeats the same process many times, and each time his dog sits after listening to his command. In this example, which of the following is the primary reinforcer?
A. The treat
B. Mark
C. The word "sit"
D. The words "good dog"
Answer: A
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b. indirect online bullying. c. indirect physical bullying. d. none of these.
What are some criticisms of the DSM-5?
What will be an ideal response?
Philip engages in self-destructive unhealthy behavior. He most likely
a. doesn't know his life-style is unhealthy. b. underestimates the risks of his behavior compared to others' self-destructive behaviors. c. is realistically optimistic about life. d. knows that he would quickly notice if his behavior was affecting his health.
Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being
a. extinguished, because he feels anxious after doing so. b. recovered spontaneously, because he will never get better. c. positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down. d. negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down. e. positively reinforced, because he will lose his fear of spiders in the long run.