A patient tells the nurse that he had a tuberculin test several months ago and the site of injection became very red and inflamed. The nurse realizes this patient experienced a(n)
1. Arthus reaction.
2. type I hypersensitivity response.
3. type IV hypersensitivity response.
4. type II hypersensitivity response.
3
Rationale: A type IV hypersensitivity response is seen in the induration of a positive tuberculin test. An Arthus reaction is a localized skin reaction in which antigen-antibody complexes form in vessel walls, triggering an inflammatory response in the vessels. A type I hypersensitivity response occurs after repeated exposure to an allergen which causes an allergen-antigen response. A type II hypersensitivity response is considered a hemolytic reaction. Transfusion reaction is a major example of this type of hypersensitivity in addition to drug reaction-induced hemolytic anemia, and hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease.
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