A breast cancer that results in fibrotic shortening and disablement of the Cooper's ligaments can be manifested in which clinical finding?
a. nipple discharge c. eczematous dermatitis
b. breast edema d. dimpling
D
Changes in the contour of the breast are highly suggestive of cancer. The invasive process that causes the contour changes is the result of fibrotic shortening and disablement of the Cooper's ligament. This cancer is manifested by dimpling, retractions, flattening, or other changes in the breast contour. Thickening or edema of the breast tissue that gives the appearance of orange rind (peau d'orange) may be indicative of inflammatory breast cancer or obstructed lymphatic drainage caused by a tumor. Eczematous dermatitis of the areola and nipple region is suggestive of Paget's disease, a malignant neoplasm, which is usually unilateral in its involvement.
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