Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Social disorganization theory states that crime tends to be learned through imitation
and differential reinforcement.
2. The workload of supervision officers can be difficult to quantify since much of the time
that is allocated to various functions may not always be easy to truly understand or
operationalize.
3. The recommended caseload for low-risk juvenile offenders is roughly 150 offenders
to 1 officer.
4. Restorative justice approaches to offender sanctioning seek to restore the offender
(but not the victim) to a similar level of functioning that existed prior to the commission
of the criminal act.
5. A general process noted by Clear and Cole (2003) for implementing a community
justice model includes crime-mapping.


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

Criminal Justice

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Environmental misfortune always involves the presence of a hazardous substance

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Several steps must be taken in order to improve the quality of policing, including:

a. police being equipped to define and understand the problems they are expected to handle. b. police developing a commitment to analyzing problems. c. police being encouraged to conduct an uninhibited search for the most effective response to each problem. d. all of the above.

Criminal Justice

The serial killer examined in Bichler et al.'s (2017) is also known as ______.

A. the Boston Strangler B. the Green River Killer C. The Long Island Killer D. Jack the Ripper

Criminal Justice

During the ______, officers are considered to be “employees at will.”

a. academic training b. probationary period c. promotion period d. basic training

Criminal Justice