A 53-year-old client asks the nurse to explain why there is shoulder pain when the gallbladder has stones. The best response by the nurse is:
1. "This type of pain is known as referred pain, and is normal."
2. "This type of pain increases pain tolerance."
3. "Referred pain helps you perceive pain sooner."
4. "Abnormal neurons in the body cause referred pain."
Answer: 1
1. Referred pain starts in one area of the body, but is felt in another, and is a normal pain process.
2. Pain tolerance is individual and is the amount and duration of pain that each individual can tolerate before seeking relief. Pain tolerance is not affected by referred pain.
3. Referred pain does not affect the perception of pain. On the contrary, the client might not seek treatment for shoulder pain that is actually of cardiac origin.
4. Abnormal neurons in the body are not the cause of referred pain. They are more likely to decrease perception of pain.
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