Which of the following developments in the 12th and 13th centuries gave rise to forces that culminated in the Renaissance?
A) increased commerce and the revival of a money economy
B) the emergence of a new middle class in towns
C) the rise of self-governing communes
D) population increase
E) all of the above
E
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How did Charles Martel defeat the Arab invaders from Spain?
A) He intercepted them near Paris with his own men and forced them to retreat. B) He organized his men in concert with knights from the south and repulsed the invaders. C) He halted their initial advance at Tours and then commanded the southern nobles, and over the next twenty years, repulsed the invaders. D) He executed a blitz attack with his cavalry on the invaders and proceeded to continue these attacks over the next twenty years, eventually wearing them down and forcing back into their own territory. E) He was forced to rely heavily upon help from neighboring kingdoms to repulse the invaders.
What was the main focus of the Niagara Movement?
A) conservation of natural resources B) African American rights C) the achievement of lower tariffs D) Mexican American civil rights E) women's rights
Which of the following was an institution of capitalism that dominated the American economy in the late nineteenth century?
A) cooperatives B) corporations C) labor unions D) settlement houses
Women in the North
a. could volunteer for noncombatant service in the Union Army. b. vocally opposed the war, stating that women's liberation was more important than freeing slaves. c. served in much the same capacity as their southern counterparts. d. had far less opportunities to contribute to the war effort than southern women.