Summarize two theories of the meaning of dreams. Which do you think best explains why we dream? What are the problems with it?
What will be an ideal response?
* Sigmund Freud believed that you remember the manifest content of your dreams, but to understand them you must know the latent content.
* Analysis of the latent content would reveal the underlying urges, sexual or aggressive, you were trying to express.
* Calvin Hall believed that he saw symbols in dreams that helped better explain them and that most of them we understand (content analysis of dreams).
* Dreams of college students in the Netherlands contain less physical aggression than dreams of Americans. Japanese college students have fewer animals in their dreams than Americans.
* Hobson and McCarley believe that dreams are random bursts of activity from nerve cells in the brain stem with the cortex attempting to make sense of these bursts (activation-synthesis hypothesis).
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How is information transmitted between nerve cells?
a. by release of neurotransmitters at the synapse b. by release of neurotransmitters along the axon c. by changes in electrical potential along the axon d. by changes in electrical potential in the synapse
Regarding psychopaths, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Typically, people with antisocial personalities showed similar problems in childhood. b. The brain waves of psychopaths suggest an overarousal of the brain. c. Psychopaths tend to be "blind" to signs of disgust in others. d. Psychopathic behavior tends to decline somewhat after age 40, even without treatment because people tend to become more "mellow" as they age.
The brain and spinal cord contain non-myelinated neurons that make up the ____________ and myelinated neurons that make up the ___________
a. white matter; gray matter c. white matter; brown matter b. gray matter; white matter d. brown matter; white matter
Professor Eisenhower explains to her class that the steroid hormones (like androgens) produce effects by _____.
A. disrupting cell membranes B. opening ion channels C. increasing blood pressure D. entering cells and affecting gene expression