Jorge has just undergone a three-week initiation process to become a member of a fraternity. During the initiation, he was made to do such things as shave his head, run naked through the cafeteria, and sing obnoxious fraternity songs during classes
Jorge now considers the fraternity the best thing that's ever happened to him and is convinced that his fraternity brothers are friends for life. Jorge's attitude towards his fraternity is probably the result of
a. postdecision dissonance.
b. the overjustification effect.
c. insufficient punishment.
d. justification of effort.
Answer: D
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The function of a theory is to
a. dictate an appropriate research design. b. describe unobservable processes and relate them to observable events. c. develop hypotheses. d. create symbols that society can agree upon.
________ is the process by which scientists cycle through explicit testing and modification of arguments based on scientific findings
a. Formal operational thinking b. Coordination of theory with evidence c. Mastery goal orientation d. Work-avoidance goal orientation
Instruction based on encouraging students to investigate and construct knowledge for themselves is called
a. recitation. b. rote learning. c. direct instruction. d. discovery learning.
Bandura believes that media portrayal of violence can have harmful effects on our behavior and that of others. He further states that even "normal" individuals can aggress against each other if:
a. they become temporally classified as disturbed b. situational variables are conducive to violence c. they are encouraged to display their true emotional content d. they are feeling grumpy or out-of-sorts with the other person