What is the rationale for using oxygen therapy in patients with COPD and low SpO2?
What will be an ideal response?
Suggested response: Impaired matching of ventilation and perfusion in patients with COPD can lead to an increase in physiological deadspace and hypercapnia. Elevated levels of CO2 in the blood can increase alveolar CO2 placing the patient at risk by decreasing the amount of alveolar oxygen and inducing hypoxia. Excessive amounts of oxygen can worsen hypercapnia by decreasing minute ventilation, reducing the affinity of CO2 for haemoglobin and worsening ventilation perfusion matching caused by a loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction, but withholding or ceasing oxygen in this setting can lead to greater harm through hypoxic tissue injury. In patients with COPD it is important to treat hypoxia by administering oxygen to achieve an SpO2 target of approximately 90%. Subtle changes in the amount of oxygen delivered (e.g. 1 L/min) may be required to achieve the target SpO2.
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In a statement of purpose, the researcher often communicates information beyond the substantive content through which of the following?
A) The specification of the population to be studied B) The operational definition of the research variables C) The prediction of anticipated relationships among variables D) The choice of verbs that suggest the state of knowledge on the topic or the approach to be used
The nurse recommends to an alcoholic that he join Alcoholics Anonymous because this organization is:
1. based on a 12-step approach with a strong religious base. 2. a social group of ex-drinkers who befriend the alcoholic in the process of main-taining sobriety. 3. a religious support group that assists alcoholics during rehabilitation. 4. an anonymous group of sponsors who offer help to alcoholics.
The introduction of cow's milk is recommended
a. at 6 months c. after 1 year b. at 9 months d. at 4 months
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. An ostomy bag is sometimes called a stoma bag. 2. Wrinkled sheets may be one cause for a client's developing bedsores. 3. Soiled linens must be held away from the aide's body. 4. Supporting a weak client with pillows may help the client maintain a sitting position. 5. The nursing period for a breast-fed infant should be no longer than 15 minutes per feeding.