Ethnic combinations of Europeans and Native Americans and Europeans and Africans were collectively called castas, or “castes,” a term originating out of a desire on the part of Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of racial mixture in hopes of counterbalancing the vast masses of Native Americans and Africans. The two most important castes were mestizos (Spanish) /mestiços (Portuguese), born of Iberian fathers and Native American mothers, and _________, born of Iberian fathers and Black mothers.
a. moriscos
b. sambos
c. mulatos
d. castizos
c. mulatos
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Research indicates that in the forty-five years before the Civil War, slavery a. caused boom-and-bust economic cycles to occur more frequently in the South than they occurred in theNorth
b. made it impossible for southern planters to participate in the emerging market economy. c. was a profitable labor system. d. caused a greater maldistribution of wealth in southern society than that found in northern society.
Which of the following was a consequence of Emperor Theodosius's decision to adopt Christianity as Rome's state religion?
A. Jews gained significant legal rights. B. Romans could continue to practice polytheism, as long as they included Jesus among their pantheon of gods. C. Several Christian sects were outlawed and subordinated to the state church. D. Women gained a great deal of political authority, as they were also important religious leaders.
What was Barack Obama's slogan in the 2008 presidential election?
A) "America Needs a Change" B) "Putting People First" C) "Yes We Can" D) "Kinder, Gentler Nation"
How did John C. Frémont's 1845 published account of his explorations with the Army Topological Corps affect Americans' attitudes about the West?
A) Stories about hostile Indian attacks frightened many potential settlers from traveling to the West. B) The adventures of American fur trappers gloried life in the West for many Americans. C) Explanations about the harsh weather conditions, including freezing winter blizzards and summer droughts, convinced settlers that the West was not suitable for habitation. D) The myth of the "Great American Desert" was dispelled with evidence that the Great Plains were a fertile area for settlement.