Discuss the two interference effects that may explain why people feel like they have forgotten information, even if it still exists in their long-term memories. Give an example of each, either from your own life or a fictitious case.
What will be an ideal response?
Student response to the request for examples will differ. Essays should emphasize the concepts of proactive inhibition (also called proactive interference) and retroactive inhibition (also called retroactive interference). The former is marked by the case where previously learned and stored information obstructs the retrieval of more recently learned information. A classic example is the difficult overcoming one's native language when learning a new language. Retroactive inhibition occurs when information that has been more recently encoded obstructs the retrieval of data that was already stored in long-term memory. Students sometimes remember everything that they learned in chapter 6, but cannot remember what they covered in chapters 1 or 2 just a few weeks earlier. This would be an example of retroactive inhibition.
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Chandra was getting ready to take a midterm exam, and she took an antihistamine drug that has caused her physiological arousal level to increase to a very high level. Based on what is known about the link between arousal and performance, you should predict that Chandra will:
a. do worse on the exam because of the increase in her level of arousal b. do better on the exam because of the increase in her level of arousal c. not do any differently on the exam, even though her arousal level has increased d. have trouble concentrating on the exam and may become frustrated or angry
Subject loss is a problem in conducting research with children
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In nonhuman species, testosterone has both a(n)__________ effect and a(n)__________
effect on aggressive behavior. a. orienting; inhibiting b. activational; organizational c. stimulating; depressing d. direct; indirect e. recruiting; dispersing
Parents in the United States are more likely to encourage higher _______ levels, while Asian parents are more likely to encourage greater __________ levels
a) passivity; activity b) neuroticism; social potency c) activity; passivity d) social potency; neuroticism