Discuss the development of marine plants to primitive land-based plants to vascular plants to
sphenopsids to gymnosperms. What changes in plant structures were required to make this
transition? What will be an ideal response?
The development of vascular systems allowed land plants to move away from low, moist areas
into areas that were drier and further from direct water sources. Vascular systems allowed plants
to avoid desiccation. Many of these early vascular plants were seedless and reproduced by
spores. Examples of these seedless vascular plants are the sphenopsids and the lycopsids, which
inhabited many coal swamps in the Pennsylvanian Period. The development of seeds by the
gymnosperms allowed plants to live in much drier environments because they did not require
water to reproduce.
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a. True b. False
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