The nurse is reviewing compensatory mechanisms with a patient in heart failure. What should the nurse include when providing this teraching? (Select all that apply.)
a. Urine output increases.
b. Muscle mass of the heart decreases.
c. Oxygen demand of the heart is lowered.
d. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released.
e. Kidneys activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
f. Heart muscles stretch to increase the force of myocardial contraction.
ANS: D, E, F
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated, and heart muscles stretch. A. B. C. Muscle mass of the heart increases, urine output decreases, and the oxygen demand of the heart is increased.
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A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn is a:
a. cluster sample. b. purposive sample. c. random sample. d. representative sample.
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) injections. What should the nurse include in the medication teaching?
1. Continue with all activities following injection, so as not to cause stiffness. 2. Increase ROM to joint for better dispersal of the medication. 3. No weight bearing on the joint following injection. 4. Avoid strenuous exercise for 48 hours after injection.
Identify an accurate statement about opioid analgesics.
A. The use of opioids for postoperative pain can increase the risk of bleeding. B. The majority of the opioid analgesics are used to induce preoperative sedation. C. Opioid analgesics can only relieve mild to moderate pain. D. It is held that opioid analgesics can relieve virtually any type of pain.