A client has been diagnosed with a dementia secondary to cerebral disease. The family members note the client "has not been as sharp as he once was" and that he has developed urinary inconti-nence and a gait disturbance
They attributed the first symptom to normal aging but were alarmed by the latter two symptoms. Based on this history, which of the following should come to mind?
1. Normal pressure hydrocephalus
2. Vitamin B12 deficiency
3. Hepatic disease
4. Tuberculosis
ANS: 1
Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a disorder characterized by dementia, gait disorder, and uri-nary incontinence. Dilation of ventricles in the absence of increased CSF is a prominent manifes-tation. Early urinary incontinence is not seen in the disorders listed in the other options.
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