Which two of the following statements regarding virulence factors are correct?
a. Virulence factors are microbial adaptations used to invade and establish in the host
b. Virulence factors are structures used for attachment to the host
c. Pathogens all contain a host of virulence factors that act in concert to cause infection
d. Virulence factors determine the degree of tissue damage that occurs
a. Virulence factors are microbial adaptations used to invade and establish in the host
d. Virulence factors determine the degree of tissue damage that occurs
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Which of the following refers to a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi?
A. lichens B. geosmins C. extremophile D. mycorrhizae
Eukarya are believed to have diverged from the bacterial line of descent. The Eukarya are, therefore, more closely related to the Bacteria than to the Archaea.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Based on the accompanying figure, the decline in the moose population in 1996 was most likely due to a(n):
a. predictable increase in the wolf population.
b. unpredictable increase in the wolf population.
c. decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase for the moose population.
d. decline in the food supply.
e. unknown disease organism.
Which of the following methods for the transport of CO2 provides a buffering system for the blood?
a. CO2 is dissolved in the plasma. b. CO2 combines with H2O to form carbonic acid and then bicarbonate. c. CO2 combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. d. CO2 is carried in small gas bubbles. e. CO2 is converted to CO for plasma transport.