Describe the processes involved in the development of cancer
The risk of cancer development begins when DNA becomes damaged. DNA can be damaged by reactive oxygen molecules (free radicals), radiation, toxins, and other reactive substances within cells. The structure of DNA is altered by the damage, and that changes the accuracy of DNA codes for protein synthesis. Cells have multiple and redundant systems that continuously work to repair DNA to maintain its proper structure. Most of the time, DNA is successfully repaired. Problems arise when the repair processes fail to keep up with the damage. When this happens, errors in DNA codes disrupt protein synthesis and normal cell functions in ways that can lead to the development of abnormal cell functions and structures. This situation can lead to the initiation phase of cancer development. Cancer development enters the promotion phase if damaged DNA is allowed to accumulate over the course of years (10 to 30 years in most cases). Ultimately, the growth of abnormal cells becomes rampant and can spread throughout the body.
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Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
a. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems b. upper and lower nervous systems c. spinal and extremity nervous systems d. central and peripheral nervous systems e. cerebral and autonomic nervous systems
Which vitamins are important as methyl donors in homocysteine metabolism?
A. Folate and vitamin B-12 B. Vitamin B-6 and vitamin C C. Vitamin B-12 and biotin D. Vitamin A and folate
"Fat burning" herbal supplements have been implicated in documented cases of liver toxicity
Indicate whether the statement is true or false