Hypercapnic respiratory failure due to increased work of breathing will be caused by which of the following?
a. Drug overdose
b. Myasthenia gravis
c. Asthma exacerbation
d. Pulmonary embolism
ANS: C
An asthma exacerbation is characterized by bronchoconstriction due to bronchospasm, edema, and inflammation of the airways. This increases the amount of work a patient must do to over-come the increase in airway resistance, thereby increasing the patient's work of breathing. A drug overdose causes hypercapnic respiratory failure but because of a reduced drive to breathe. Myas-thenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease that may paralyze the ventilatory muscles, causing a pa-tient to not be able to move air. A pulmonary embolism would increase dead space by blocking off perfusion to a part of the lung. This would cause acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
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