A community health nurse has recently become involved in surveillance. Which of the following describes the situation that the nurse is in?
a. Educating clients about influenza immun-izations
b. Collecting information about occurrence of measles
c. Evaluating the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS prevention program
d. Advocating for changes in the national disease reporting requirements
ANS: B
Surveillance gathers the "who, when, where, and what"; these elements are then used to answer "why." Nurses are frequently involved in surveillance by collecting data, making diagnoses, in-vestigating and reporting cases, and providing information to the general public. Client educa-tion, program evaluation, and advocating for changes are not part of the surveillance process.
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1. "The ear canal itself is really red, raw, and sore." 2. "I noticed that the drainage looked clear, like water." 3. "The drainage looks like what is draining from my nose, kind of clear and mucous-like." 4. "It is kind of yellowish-reddish color."
Sleep assessment reveals that a client who has difficulty staying asleep at night always drinks a glass of sherry before going to bed. To improve sleep quality, you should counsel the client to do which of the following?
1. Eliminate the alcohol because it may be causing rebound arousal. 2. Substitute a sleeping pill for the alcohol. 3. Switch from sherry to a beverage that contains less alcohol, such as beer or wine. 4. Increase the amount of sherry at bedtime to increase central nervous system sedation.
A nurse working the night shift assesses a patient's vital signs at 4 a.m. (0340). What would be the expected findings, based on knowledge of NREM sleep?
A) decreased TPR and BP C) no change from daytime readings B) increased TPR and BP D) highly individualized, cannot predict
The nurse is reviewing the difference between evaluation and assessment with a new graduate nurse. What should the nurse emphasize as the major difference between these two steps in the nursing process?
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