In classical conditioning, an animal must do something to gain a reward or avoid punishment
____________________ Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
F, operant
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As we study the past 50,000 years worth of information about species' decline and extinctions around the world
A. we see rapid extinctions, especially of the larger animals, not long after humans arrive in an area. B. we can make a rough estimate of a population's risk of a local extinction. C. we see a steady-state rate of extinctions on all continents, only islands show a difference due to climate change. D. we see huge extinctions, especially of the larger animals, with ice ages and global warming. E. we see local extinctions that appear random, and then recolonizations from other areas.
The protection provided through transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus is an example of
A. active immunity. B. passive immunity. C. cell-mediated immunity. D. clonal selection. E. autoimmunity.
K+ channels in the heart do not have binding sites for ACh, yet parasympathetic release of ACh causes outward flux of K+ from heart cells. How does this occur?
A. ACh triggers release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands, which in turn causes K+ flux out of heart cells. B. ACh binds to a G-protein coupled receptor on heart cells, and the G protein alpha subunit binds to a separate K+ channel and causes it to open. C. Parasympathetic neurons activate sympathetic neurons, which directly cause K+ flux from heart cells. D. ACh binds and activates a K+ pump on heart cells.
DNA replaced RNA as the main information
molecule probably because a. DNA contains thymine and RNA does not. b. DNA is double stranded and breaks less easily. c. DNA can store more protein-building instructions in less space. d. RNA is highly unstable. e. two of these are correct..