Describe the sex differences in body growth. How does this help explain girls' lower infant and childhood mortality rates?
What will be an ideal response?
In infancy, girls are slightly shorter and lighter than boys, with a higher ratio of fat to muscle. These small sex differences persist throughout early and middle childhood and are greatly magnified in adolescence. But the best estimate of a child's physical maturity is skeletal age, a measure of bone development. It is determined by X-raying the long bones of the body to see the extent to which soft, pliable cartilage has hardened into bone, a gradual process that is completed in adolescence. When skeletal ages are examined, girls are considerably ahead of boys. At birth, the sexes differ by about 4 to 6 weeks, a gap that widens over infancy and childhood. This greater physical maturity may contribute to girls' greater resistance to harmful environmental influences.
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a. U-shaped curve, illustrating performance is best when arousal is either high or low. b. inverted U, illustrating performance is best when arousal level is moderate. c. slope, illustrating performance is better when arousal is high and worse when arousal is low. d. horizontal line, illustrating performance is best when arousal is very low to zero.
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a. theory c. principle b. hypothesis d. manipulation of variables
Warmth and responsiveness, competence and power, and consistency between assertions and behavior are all characteristics
A) that increase a child's willingness to imitate a model's behavior. B) of children's temperament that are necessary for moral development. C) of inductive discipline. D) of authoritarian child rearing.
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A. He will predict that the food at the new restaurant will be unappealing. B. He will predict that the food at the new restaurant will also be delicious. C. He will have no predictions about the food at the new restaurant. D. He will only make a prediction if the restaurant is identical to past Mexican restaurants he has visited.