Which of the following is considered a valid criticism of Freud’s theories?
a. ?Because his theories were based primarily on case study and self-analysis, his observations may not have been objective.?
b. ?Freud’s emphasis on spiritual and religious concepts ultimately gave his ideas a narrow perspective.
c. ?An overemphasis on environmental and social factors led Freud to underemphasize sexual and aggressive instincts.
d. ?Many of Freud’s ideas reflect a bias toward female superiority.
ANSWER:
a
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