Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy?
A) The covalent bonds in organic molecules are higher energy bonds than those in water and carbon dioxide.
B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
C) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP.
D) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in organic compounds.
E) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.
Ans: B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
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Ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, dengue fever, and tularemia are all infectious diseases of the cardiovascular system. What feature do they have in common?
A. They are all transmitted by arthropod vectors. B. People with immune deficiencies are especially susceptible to these diseases. C. They are all endemic in the mountain states in the western U.S. D. The causative agent of each of these diseases is a bacterium.
Which of the following statements about the 5?cap and mRNA processing is TRUE?
A. The addition of a 5? cap to mRNA occurs while the pre-mRNA is being made. B. The 5' cap causes the mRNA to be rapidly degraded. C. The 5' cap prevents the exit of mRNA from the nucleus. D. The 5? cap is added to the pre-mRNA by splicesomes. E. The 5? cap is a group of adenosine molecules.
When did life first appear on the planet?
A) 3.5 billion years ago B) 2.1 billion years ago C) 3.5 million years ago D) 2.1 million years ago
In step 2 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme aconitase generates isocitrate from citrate. Which of the following statements about this reaction is true?
(a) There is a substantial free-energy difference between the reactants and products of this reaction. (b) The unbonded electrons from hydroxide ions provide energy for this reaction. (c) The aconitase enzyme functions as a mutase in this reaction. (d) The reaction sequence first generates one molecule of water and then consumes one molecule of water.