Scientists use various terms to describe conclusions reached through the scientific method. Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?
A) theory
B) hypothesis
C) law
D) both hypothesis and theory
E) both theory and law
Answer: B
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Fish in a marine environment must maintain a relatively constant ion concentration in their tissues and blood. How do the chloride channels in the gills aid fish in the removal of excess ions?
A. The chloride channels create a countercurrent system where ions are lost from the gills and water is absorbed to dilute other ions (NaCl). B. The chloride channels create a countercurrent system where water is lost from the gills and chloride ions are absorbed. C. The chloride channels actively move ions into the gills and water will follow though osmosis. D. The chloride channels actively remove ions from the gills and water will follow through osmosis.
All of the following are true about migration EXCEPT:
a. It is a seasonal activity. b. Animals move between habitats. c. The costs associated with the activity outweigh the benefits of moving. d. Movement occurs due to changes in the habitat
The COL1A1 gene in humans is responsible for producing collagens in healthy bone and cartilage. A mutation in COL1A1 is known to cause severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta, which is also known as "brittle bone disease," in which bones form irregularly and can break often, with even mild pressure and impacts. The mutation occurs as a "nonsense" mutation, dramatically shortening the proteins, occurring because the
The Human Genome Project is a multinational project that reported complete identification of more than 20,000 genes in human DNA. Growing understanding has associated "normal" and naturally variable versions of the genes, producing specific proteins for human health and cell functions. Numerous mutated versions of the genes have been associated with particular human health problems and disease, due to the types of cells where mutations occur, the specific genes affected, and the type and extent of mutation. In these cases, the structure and function of proteins is ultimately impacted. Examine these examples to apply your knowledge of mutations to the descriptions provided. A. codon that mutates causes a stop codon to occur instead of the placement of an amino acid. B. mutation is not in DNA. C. mutation does not occur in a codon. D. codon that mutates does not cause a change in the amino acid specified. E. codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified.
Which of the following is a transfer of genes between nonhomologous chromosomes?
a. crossing over b. aneuploidy c. trisomy d. translocation e. duplication