Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?
A. movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule
B. urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
C. movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid
D. active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct
E. urea movement into the collecting duct
B
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A lack of oxytocin secretion from the posterior pituitary gland during birth
A. causes an increase in estrogen secretion from the placenta. B. will result in no fetal muscular movements. C. will reduce uterine wall contractions. D. causes an increase in progesterone secretion from the placenta.
Under the influence of progesterone, estrogen exerts negative feedback on the ________, decreasing GnRH, LH, and FSH secretion.
A. hypothalamus and pituitary B. pons and thalamus C. adrenal cortex and medulla D. thyroid and parathyroid
Briefly differentiate between atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, and intrapleural pressure. Which of these is always negative in a healthy individual during normal breathing?
What will be an ideal response?
Rhythmic reflexive motor activities, such as breathing or walking, are controlled by networks of neurons in the central nervous system called ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).