When discussing cardiac risk factors with your client who was just admitted for an evaluation of chest pain, which factor puts this client at the highest risk for heart disease?
1. The client is overweight and carries the weight around the waist.
2. The client's mother died at age 70 of an acute myocardial infarction.
3. The client is a single mother of four young children with a low income.
4. The client has a desk job and works long hours.
The client is overweight and carries the weight around the waist.
Rationale: Fat accumulation in the upper body, giving the body an appearance of an "apple," has been linked to a greater risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) as opposed to a "pear" shape, with body fat accumulation in the gluteofemoral region. Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated levels of cholesterol and greater risk for CAD. If the client's mother had died before age 55, that would be a risk factor. Being a single mother is not a specific risk factor for the development of CAD. Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor, but not as significant as fat accumulation in the upper body.
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