Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Thrasher (1927) is the first scholar attributed with defining “gangs.”
2. It is more common for state law to define “gang members” than “gangs.”
3. Starter gangs tend to form among aggressive and alienated children.
4. “Neotraditional” gangs commit a small range of offenses and have few members.
5. Age-graded cliques are a fundamental element of gangs.


1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following is a factor that leads many individual users of the Internet to assume that their identities are safely protected?

a. the dearth of interjurisdictional communication b. the difficulty in using modern communication technology c. the lack of opportunity to engage in computer crime d. the global acceptance of First Amendment rights

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Which of the following is regarded by the authors of your text as “one of the most promising police strategies”?

a. broken windows policing b. directed patrol c. problem-oriented policing d. community-oriented policing

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In almost _______, the law allows a person to be convicted of attempt for a failure to act.

a. 15% b. 27% c. 40% d. 50%

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The ASA Code of Ethics specifically prohibits plagiarism

A) In publications, presentations, and taking data from another person’s written work B) Even if the work is not quoted verbatim or paraphrased C) And states that lack of awareness is not a defense to a charge of unethical conduct D) All of the above

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