The term reinforcement was preferred over the term reward because Skinner believed that the latter suggested
a. we can only measure what we observe.
b. mental processes were involved in learning.
c. somehow the animal would prefer a reward to a reinforcement.
d. only observable behavior should be measured in learning trials.
B
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Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a humanist?
a. Humans are unique. b. The behavior of humans tends to be dictated by environmental circumstances. c. Humans have a basic need to fulfill their potentials. d. Research on animals has little relevance to understanding human behavior.
Infant "ooh" and "aah" sounds, which are linked to pleasure or positive excitement, are called
a. positive cries. b. cooing. c. babbling. d. echolalia.
During times of political conservatism and economic hardship, people tend to emphasize
a. individual causes of abnormal behavior. b. physical causes of abnormal behavior. c. biological treatments such as psychosurgery. d. all of these.
The age of viability begins at about 22 weeks after conception.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)