The unique feature of the chiefdom (as compared to a stateless agricultural village) that was replicated, elaborated, and assumed to be natural in all later states and civilizations was
a. the distinction between elite and commoner based on charisma.
b. the distinction between elite and commoner based on achievement.
c. the distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.
d. none of the above
Answer: c. the distinction between elite and commoner based on birth.
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What was the "Brownsville affair"?
A) an incident where black troops were accused of raping two white women B) a shooting match in a Texas border town, for which blacks were blamed C) an effort by white troops to murder an entire black battalion. D) an incident where black troops were prosecuted for stealing cattle.
What crop more than any other increased the early demand for slave labor?
A. sugar B. cotton C. tobacco D. potatoes E. indigo
Neolithic farmers' tools were made of either stone, wood, or
a. iron. b. ivory. c. copper. d. bronze. e. bone.
The word "Mesopotamia" was Greek for
a. mud huts. b. people of the fake Gods. c. between the rivers. d. too much sand. e. dangerous barbarians.