Discuss the causes and symptoms of aldosterone hypersecretion
What will be an ideal response?
Excess aldosterone secretion may be caused by: (1) a hyper-secreting adrenal tumor made up of aldosterone-secreting cells (primary hyperaldosteronism); or (2) inappropriately high activity of RAAS (secondary hyperaldosteronism). The latter may be produced by any number of conditions that cause a chronic reduction in arterial blood flow to the kidneys, thereby excessively activating RAAS. An example is atherosclerotic narrowing of the renal arteries. Symptoms include excessive sodium retention, potassium depletion, and hypertension.
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A) basilar membrane. B) spiral organ. C) semicircular canals. D) bony labyrinth. E) utricle and saccule.
The abducens nerve innervates which extrinsic eye muscle?
A) superior oblique B) medial rectus C) inferior oblique D) superior rectus E) lateral rectus
The upper thoracic spinal nerves:
A) innervate the muscles of the chest that help in breathing and coughing. B) regulate the parasympathetic nervous system and inhibit inspiration. C) are the only pair of spinal nerves that do not truly exit the spinal cord. D) provide abdominal muscle control and contain sympathetic nerve fibers.
The fluid outside of a cell is called ________
A) extracellular fluid B) cytosol C) intracellular fluid D) cytoplasm E) nucleoplasm