The placenta produces hormones that are vital to the function of the fetus. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy past the eleventh week?
1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
2. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
3. Estrogen
4. Progesterone
4
Rationale:
1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) begins to decrease as placental hormone production increases.
2. Human placental lactogen (hPL) stimulates certain changes in the mother's metabolic processes, and can be detected by 4 weeks after conception.
3. Estrogen secreted by the placenta is in the form of estriol, and cannot be synthesized by the placenta alone.
4. Progesterone is primarily responsible for maintenance of pregnancy past the eleventh week. It decreases the contractility of the uterus, thus preventing uterine contractions from causing spontaneous abortion.
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