In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety?
a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment.
b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment.
c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other.
d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years afterwards.
B
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In contrast to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on
a. social context. b. role of exploration and experimentation. c. biological bases of cognition. d. evolution.
Brain waves are described by examining their:
A. frequency and altitude B. frequency and amplitude C. pitch and amplitude D. size and depth
One advantage of the Wechsler scales is that they
a. focus exclusively on adult intelligence. b. are divided into 100 subtests, each containing 100 questions. c. are administered in groups to children, adolescents, or adults. d. highlight children's relative strengths and weaknesses, as well as measure overall intellectual functioning.
According to Plato’s reminiscence theory of knowledge, all knowledge is:
a. ?personal opinion b. ?innate c. ?derived from sensory experience d. ?culturally determined