Explain the function of the OSI model's Transport layer.
What will be an ideal response?
Segmentation and reassembly occur at Layer 4, the Transport Layer. Because most chunks of data are much larger than a single packet, they must be chopped up before they can be sent across a network. When a serving computer receives a request for some data, it must be able to chop the requested data into chunks that will fit into a packet (and eventually into the NIC's frame), organize the packets for the benefit of the receiving system, and hand them to the NIC for sending. This is called segmentation. The receiving system does the reassembly of the packets. It must recognize a series of incoming packets as one data transmission, reassemble the packets correctly based on information included in the packets by the sending system, and verify that all the packets for that piece of data arrived in good shape.
The transport protocol breaks up the data into chunks called segments or datagrams (depending on the specific transport protocol used) and gives each segment some type of sequence number. (Datagrams are simpler and don't get sequence numbers.)
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